GPs & Specialists

Neurologic神经科

脑

pituitary(脑垂体); epilepsy/fits(癫痫); stroke(中风); paralysis(瘫痪); blackout/fainting/syncope(晕厥); seizures(癫痫发作); dizzy spells(头晕);

神经

Multiple sclerosis(多发性硬化症); Parkinson’s disease(铂金森氏症); Motor Neurone Disease(运动神经元疾病); paraplegia(截瘫/后躯麻痹); quadriplegia(四瘫/四肢麻痹); cerebral palsy(脑性麻痹/脑性瘫痪); pituitary gland(脑垂体腺)

Neve conduction study (神经传导研究); Multiple cavity infarction: 多发性腔塞; Carpal tunnel syndrome： 腕管综合症, 鼠标手;

Neve conduction study: 神经传导研究

Anatomy of the spine

Cardio心脏

心

cardiac-(心的/心脏的)； chest pain/angina(心绞痛); heart attack(心脏病发作); heart valve(心脏瓣膜); coronary artery bypass graft(冠状动脉搭桥); coronary angiography(冠状血管造影); coronary stent(冠状动脉支架);

palpitations(心悸); atrial fibrillation(心房震颤); pacemaker(心律调节器); implantable defibrillator(内置性除颤器); chest pain(胸部疼痛);

Chest胸腔

rheumatic fever(风湿热/病); heart murmur(心杂音); cardiac valve disease(心瓣膜疾病); cardiac valve surgery(心瓣膜手术);

dyspnea(呼吸困難); nocturnal dyspnea(夜间呼吸困难); orthopnea (端坐呼吸); paroxysmal (陣發性);

Vascular血管

血管

carotid endarterectomy (颈动脉内膜切除术);

edema(水腫); claudication(跛行); hematoma(血肿);

血脂

cholesterol(胆固醇); low-density lipoprotein/LDL(低密度脂蛋白); high-density lipoprotein/HDL(高密度脂蛋白); triglycerides(三酸甘油脂);

Hematologic血液

血

blood clots/thrombus(血栓); bleeding disorder/coagulopathy(凝血障碍); anaemia(贫血); peripheral vascular disease(末梢血管疾病); leg ulcer(腿部溃疡); varicose veins(静脉曲张); leukaemia(白血病); lymphoma(淋巴瘤);

血障

anemia(贫血); Iron Deficiency Anaemia( 缺鐵性貧血); Aplastic Anaemia (再生障礙性貧血); Haemolytic Anaemia (溶血性貧血); Thalassaemia (地中海貧血); Sickle Cell Anaemia (鐮狀細胞貧血); Pernicious Anaemia (惡性貧血); Fanconi Anaemia (范可尼貧血);

hematologic system (血系统, 包括plasma血浆, platelets血小板, leukocyte白血球, erythrocyte红血球);

Ingrediants/nutrients for blood cell production: protein(蛋白质), B12, iron(铁), folic acid(叶酸)

Chest/lungs胸肺

肺

fluid collection in the lungs([口语]肺积水); tuberculosis/TB(肺结核); shortness of breath(气促/呼吸急促); chronic bronchitis(慢性支气管炎); asthma(气喘病); use of puffer(药喷); obstructive sleep apnoea(梗阻性睡眠呼吸终止); emphysema(肺气肿); pneumonia(肺炎); upper respiratory tract infection(上呼吸道感染); nodule(结节);

sleep apnoea(睡眠呼吸终止); home CPAP/continuous positive airway pressure(持续呼吸道输压); pulmonary embolism(肺血栓);

reactivation(复活/再激活);

Dyspnea(呼吸困難); cyanosis(發紺[gan]); wheezing(氣喘); sputum(痰); hemoptysis(咯血);

Endocrine 内分泌

diabetes(糖尿病); diabetic complications kidney/eye/neuropathy(糖尿并发症肾/眼/神经系);

thyroid disorder(甲状腺失调); thyroid nodules(甲状腺结节);

hyerthyroidism(甲状腺功能亢进); hypothyroidism(甲状腺功能减退);

Addison’s disease/chronic adrenal insufficiency/hypocortisolism(阿迪生病/慢性肾上腺皮质机能不足/低皮质醇症); Cushing’s disease(库欣氏病);

Digestive消化系统

消化问题

heartburn/pyrosis(胃灼热); esophagus/esophageal(食管/食管的); upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 上节肠胃内视镜(); coeliac disease/celiac disease(腹腔病);

gastroscopy(胃镜); colonoscopy(肠镜); polyps(大肠内息肉);

Appetite(食欲); digestion(消化); food intolerance(食物不耐受); dysphagia (trouble swallowing)(吞咽困难); aspiration pneumonitis(吸入性肺炎); nausea(惡心); vomiting(嘔吐); hemorrhoids(痔瘡); polyps(息肉);

肾

词 根: renal-/nephro-; cystoscopy(膀胱镜检查); intravenous pyelogram(静脉肾盂造影); kidney stones/nephrolithiasis(肾结石); nephroptosis/floating kidney/renal ptosis(肾下垂); eGFR/estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate(肾丝球过虑率)；urinalysis(尿检); glucose(葡萄糖); haemoglobin(血红素/血红蛋白); Glycosylated haemoglobin(糖化血红蛋白); nephrosis();

hemodialysis/haemodialysis(洗血/洗肾/血液透析);

nephrone(肾元/肾单位);

ascites(腹水/e’syte:s/);

肝/胰脏

heptic-(肝的); hepatitis or liver condition(); hepatitis(); fatty liver(脂肪肝); jaundice(黄疸); cholestasis(胆汁淤积); liver enlargement(肝大/肝过度扩张); portal hyertension/portal vein hypertension(门静脉高血压); esophageal varices(食道静脉曲张); ascites(); liver/portal-systemic encephalopathy(肝门脉脑病); liver failure(肝衰竭); bile(胆汁); bile duct(胆管); pancreas(胰脏/pancre:a:s);

胆囊

cholecystectomy(胆囊切除术);

Genitourinary生殖泌尿系统

urinary tract infection(尿道感染); urinary tract obstruction(尿道阻塞); urethral stricture(尿道狭窄);

draining of bladder(排尿); urine infection(尿道感染); urine culture(尿菌种); resistance(抵抗性); symptomatic(症状性); catheter(排尿管);

膀光cystectomy(膀光切除术)

痔疮(hemorrhoid)

hemorrhoidectomy(割痔疮);

Musculoskeletal肌肉骨络

骨科(orthopaedic)

arthroplasty knee(关节整形); replacement arthroplasty(置换性关节整型); spinal cord(脊柱); bony spurs(骨刺); herniated disk(椎间盘突出);

osteoarthritis(骨关节炎); osteoporosis(骨质疏松); rheumatoid(风湿性); hip replacement (髋关节置换术);

disc bulge(腰椎肥大)；Sciatic nerve(坐骨神经); Carpal tunnel syndrome (腕管综合症, 鼠标手);

其他

hernia(疝气); hiatus hernia(裂孔疝);

衰竭

failure衰竭; cardiac/congestive cardiac/gonadal/liver/multiple organ/renal/respiratory (心力/充血性心力/性腺/肝/多器官/肾/呼吸)；

有关检查：

absorptiometry(吸收测定法)； — bone mineral density test(骨矿质密度测试)；

Ears, nose, throat, mouth, sinuses

Ears: tinnitus(耳鸣); tosil(扁桃腺);

Nose: sinusitis(鼻窦炎); mucus(鼻涕);

Eyes: tear duct(泪道);

congestion(堵塞); discharge(流出物); tinnitus(耳鳴); epistaxis(鼻出血); hoarseness(嘶啞); gum problems(牙齦); oral ulcers(口腔潰瘍);

phlegm/sputum (痰，粘液);

Skin Hair Nails Eyes 皮肤 头发 指甲 眼睛

skin: jaundice(黄疸); acne(痤疮/粉刺); pimple(粉刺); eczema(湿疹); moles(痣); rash(皮疹);

presbyopia (老花); glaucoma(青光眼); cataract(白内障); amblyopia(弱视); floaters(飞蚊症); retinal disorder(视网膜失调); conjunctivitis(结膜炎); corneal disease(角膜疾病); temporal arteritis(颞骨动脉炎); astigmatism(散光); eye drop(); visual field(视觉范围/视野); visual acuity(视力);

ophthalmologist(眼科医生); optometrist(验光师); optician(光学技术员);

Acne(痤瘡/ 粉刺); Pimple( 粉刺); Eczema(濕疹);

sac(囊); cyst(胞囊); pimple(粉刺); fibroid(纤维瘤); tumor(肿瘤); polyps(息肉);

Lymph nodes 淋巴结

swelling(肿胀); tenderness(压痛); drainage(引流/导液); lymphedema(淋巴水肿);

ADHA(儿童专注缺乏及过动症);